Researchers: Patrizio Tressoldi, PhD & Debra Lynne Katz, PhD.

Publication: Journal of Scientific Exploration, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.31275/20232931

HIGHLIGHTS Statistical analysis of the available evidence suggests that remote-viewing is the most efficient way to study “extrasensory perception” for experiments and practical applications. ABSTRACT This is the first meta-analysis of all studies related to remote-viewing tasks conducted up to December 2022. After applying our inclusion criteria, we selected 36 studies with a total of 40 effect sizes. Both frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses revealed a strong average effect size of .34; 95% confidence interval: .22 -.45, after the exclusion of outliers, without signs of publication bias and a minimal decline effect. In terms of raw scores, these average results correspond to a difference in hits score of 19.3%; 95% confidence intervals:13.6%–25%, above the expected chance. Among the meta-analyses of moderators, a small nonstatistical difference emerged between the precognitive and clairvoyance tasks, particularly for those with an outbound agent. A comparison among meta-analysis results observed with other experimental protocols testing extrasensory perception showed the clear superiority of remote viewing. After more than 50 years of investigation into extrasensory perception, remote-viewing experimental protocols appear to be the most efficient for both experimental and practical applications.

KEYWORDS Remote viewing; meta-analysis; clairvoyance; precognition; extrasensory perception.